Promoting digital technology to enable new opportunities for universal mental health services in schools / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#In rescent years, schools are confronting continued mental health needs of children and adolescents. The person centered school mental health service model is impossible to meet current and future increasingly public health problems. Under the framework of the "whole School, whole Community, whole Child" (WSCC) theory and the concept of health promoting schools proposed by the World Health Organization, the editorial proposes to integrate universal mental health services into essential public health services in school, as well as to build a digital school mental health service platform to enable new opportunities for universal mental health services in schools.

Investigation of pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm based on a "disease-syndrome-symptom-formula" association network analysis / 药学学报

Growing clinical evidence shows that Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm may exert a significant analgesic effect. However, the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms underlying this prescription are still unclear. In the current study, a "disease-syndrome-symptom-formula" association network analysis was performed to explore the pharmacological characteristics and mechanisms of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm against osteoarthritis (OA), neuropathic pain (NP), chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) and myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) by integrating clinical phenomics data, transcriptomics data and biological interaction network mining. As a result, the three functional modules (Qufeng Sanhan-QFSHG, Shujin Huoxue-SJHXG and Xiaozhong Zhitong-XZZTG) enriched by the drug network targets were all related to the pharmacological effects of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm, including dispersing cold and relieving pain, activating blood and relieving pain, reducing swelling and relieving pain. In addition, the main pharmacological effects of QFSHG and XZZTG were dispelling wind and dispersing cold and dehumidifying, promoting Qi and reducing swelling and relieving pain, respectively. In terms of reversing the imbalance of "immune-inflammation-vascular axis", the main pharmacological effects of SJHXG were regulating the liver and promoting Qi, activating blood circulation and removing stasis. Mechanically, the key network targets of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm against OA, NP, CIP and MPS may play a therapeutic role in relieving hyperalgesia and paresthesia by reversing the "neuro-endocrine-immune" imbalance system during the occurrence and progression of diseases. In conclusion, our data indicate that Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm may relieve the pain and wind-cold-dampness arthralgia syndrome related symptoms by regulating the "neuro-endocrine-immune" system, neurological and endocrine disorders and reversing the imbalance of "immunity-inflammation". The relevant results may provide a network-based evidence for clinical positioning of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm, and offer a direction for further clinical and experimental validation.

Advances in evaluation methods of pubertal timing in children / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Over the past 40 years, there has been a long term trend of early pubertal onset in children in China. Early pubertal timing is closely associated with mental health and behavioral problems in children, and can even lead to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancers of the endocrine system and abnormalities of the bone and joint system in adulthood. Prompt detection of early pubertal timing in children is important. There are many methods for evaluating pubertal timing, the appropriateness of which is worth exploring. This paper reviews previous literature publications, examines current research progress in evaluation methods of pubertal timing, evaluates their applicability in the study of children and adolescents, and provides a reference for the selection of an evaluation method to assess pubertal timing in children in China.

Role of new potential immune blocking molecules in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma / 临床肝胆病杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors around the world. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 has brought great breakthroughs in the treatment of HCC. However, since HCC is a type of tumor with high heterogeneity, monotherapy is only effective for a small number of patients and may not be able to achieve long-lasting benefits due to drug resistance, and therefore, it is necessary to explore the potential of new immune checkpoint inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of HCC. This article analyzes and summarizes the biological characteristics of the new immune checkpoints T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), and B7 homologous protein-4 (B7-H4) and their expression and function in HCC. The analysis shows that TIGIT, VISTA, BTLA, and B7-H4 are highly expressed in HCC tissue and are associated with the prognosis of HCC patients, and targeted blocking of corresponding pathways can effectively inhibit the progression of HCC, suggesting that these molecules are potential targets for tumor treatment and that in-depth studies can provide new directions for HCC immunotherapy.

Analysis of the impact of health management measures for entry personnel on imported Dengue fever in Guangdong Province, 2020-2022 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the impact of health management measures for entry personnel (entry management measures) against COVID-19 on the epidemiological characteristics of imported Dengue fever in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2022. Methods: Data of imported Dengue fever from January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2022, mosquito density surveillance from 2016 to 2021, and international airline passengers and Dengue fever annual reported cases from 2011 to 2021 in Guangdong were collected. Comparative analysis was conducted to explore changes in the epidemic characteristics of imported Dengue fever before the implementation of entry management measures (from January 1, 2016 to March 20, 2020) and after the implementation (from March 21, 2020 to August 31, 2022). Results: From March 21, 2020, to August 31, 2022, a total of 52 cases of imported Dengue fever cases were reported, with an imported risk intensity of 0.12, which were lower than those before implementation of entry management measures (1 828, 5.29). No significant differences were found in the characteristics of imported cases before and after implementation of entry management measures, including seasonality, sex, age, career, and imported countries (all P>0.05). 59.62% (31/52) of cases were found at the centralized isolation sites and 38.46% (20/52) at the entry ports. However, before implementation of entry management measures, 95.08% (1 738/1 828) of cases were found in hospitals. Among 51 cases who had provided entry dates, 82.35% (42/51) and 98.04% (50/51) of cases were found within seven days and fourteen days after entry, slightly higher than before implementation [(72.69%(362/498) and 97.59% (486/498)]. There was significant difference between the monthly mean values of Aedes mosquito larval density (Bretto index) from 2020 to 2021 and those from 2016 to 2019 (Z=2.83, P=0.005). There is a strong positive correlation between the annual international airline passengers volume in Guangdong from 2011 to 2021 and the annual imported Dengue fever cases (r=0.94, P<0.001), and a positive correlation also existed between the international passenger volume and the annual indigenous Dengue fever cases (r=0.72, P=0.013). Conclusions: In Guangdong, the entry management measures of centralized isolation for fourteen days after entry from abroad had been implemented, and most imported Dengue fever cases were found within fourteen days after entry. The risk of local transmission caused by imported cases has reduced significantly.

Mechanism of artesunate on bone destruction in experimental rheumatoid arthritis based on transcriptomics and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

The present study investigated the mechanism of artesunate in the treatment of bone destruction in experimental rheumatoid arthritis(RA) based on transcriptomics and network pharmacology. The transcriptome sequencing data of artesunate in the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation were analyzed to obtain differentially expressed genes(DEGs). GraphPad Prism 8 software was used to plot volcano maps and heat maps were plotted through the website of bioinformatics. GeneCards and OMIM were used to collect information on key targets of bone destruction in RA. The DEGs of artesunate in inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and key target genes of bone destruction in RA were intersected by the Venny 2.1.0 platform, and the intersection target genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology(GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment. Finally, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation model and collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) model were established. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(q-PCR), immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the pharmacological effect and molecular mechanism of artesunate in the treatment of bone destruction in RA. In this study, the RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation model in vitro was established and intervened with artesunate, and transcriptome sequencing data were analyzed to obtain 744 DEGs of artesunate in inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. A total of 1 291 major target genes of bone destruction in RA were obtained from GeneCards and OMIM. The target genes of artesunate in inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and the target genes of bone destruction in RA were intersected to obtain 61 target genes of artesunate against bone destruction in RA. The intersected target genes were analyzed by GO/KEGG enrichment. According to the results previously reported, the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway was selected for experimental verification. Artesunate intervention in the RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation model showed that artesunate inhibited CC chemokine receptor 3(CCR3), CC chemokine receptor 1(CCR1) and leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF) mRNA expression in osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner compared with the RANKL-induced group. Meanwhile, the results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed that artesunate could dose-dependently reduce the expression of CCR3 in osteoclasts and joint tissues of the CIA rat model in vitro. This study indicated that artesunate regulated the CCR3 in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway in the treatment of bone destruction in RA and provided a new target gene for the treatment of bone destruction in RA.

Intervention effect of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm on myofascial pain syndrome in rats and its mechanism / 中国中药杂志

This paper aims to investigate the intervention effect of Qufeng Gutong Cataplasm(QFGT) on myofascial pain syndrome(MPS) in rats and to preliminarily explain its mechanism from the perspective of improving muscle inflammation and pain. Male SD rats were divided into 6 groups, namely normal group, model group, positive control drug(Huoxue Zhitong Ointment, HXZT) group, and low, medium, and high-dose QFGT groups(75, 150, and 300 mg·d~(-1)). The rat model of MPS was established by striking combined with centrifugation for 8 weeks, during which QFGT and HXZT were used for corresponding intervention. Standard VonFrey fiber was used to evaluate the mechanical pain threshold, and acetone was used to detect the cold pain threshold. The electrophysiological activity of muscle at trigger point was detected, and the electromuscular analysis of trigger point was performed. CatWalk gait analyzer was used to detect pain-induced gait adaptation changes. The hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes in muscle and skin tissues at the trigger point of rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of capsaicin receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) in muscle tissues and interleukin(IL)-33 in skin tissues at the trigger point. The protein expression levels of TRPV1, protein kinase B(Akt), phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in muscle tissues at the trigger point were detected by Western blot. The results showed that as compared with the model group, the mechanical pain threshold and cold pain threshold of rats in other groups were increased after treatment with QFGT. The spontaneous electromyography(EMG) activity was observed in the model group, but QFGT alleviated the EMG activity in a dose-dependent manner. Gait analysis showed that standing duration, average intensity, swing speed, maximum contact point, maximum contact area, paw print length, paw print width, and paw print area were significantly improved in all QFGT groups. Pathological results showed that the disorder of muscle arrangement at the trigger point was decreased, muscle fiber adhesion and atrophy were reduced, and inflammatory cell infiltration was alleviated after treatment with QFGT. In addition, QFGT and HXZT both inhibited the protein expression of TRPV1, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the muscle tissues of rats with MPS. However, there was no significant difference in the pathological structure and expression of IL-33 in the treated skin as compared with the normal group. The related results have proved that QFGT can inhibit the release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the TRPV1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the muscle trigger point of rats with MPS and finally attenuate the atrophy and adhesion of local muscles and inflammatory infiltration, thereby relieving the muscle pain of rats with MPS, and local administration has no skin irritation.

Clinical features and FGFR3 mutations of children with achondroplasia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical features and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene mutations of children with achondroplasia (ACH) through an analysis of 17 cases.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and FGFR3 gene detection results of 17 children with ACH who were diagnosed from January 2009 to October 2021.@*RESULTS@#Of the 17 children with ACH, common clinical manifestations included disproportionate short stature (100%, 17/17), macrocephaly (100%, 17/17), trident hand (82%, 14/17), and genu varum (88%, 15/17). The common imaging findings were rhizomelic shortening of the long bones (100%, 17/17) and narrowing of the lumbar intervertebral space (88%, 15/17). Major complications included skeletal dysplasia (100%, 17/17), middle ear dysfunction (82%, 14/17), motor/language developmental delay (88%, 15/17), chronic pain (59%, 10/17), sleep apnea (53%, 9/17), obesity (41%, 7/17), foramen magnum stenosis (35%, 6/17), and hydrocephalus (24%, 4/17). All 17 children (100%) had FGFR3 mutations, among whom 13 had c.1138G>A hotspot mutations of the FGFR3 gene, 2 had c.1138G>C mutations of the FGFR3 gene, and 2 had unreported mutations, with c.1252C>T mutations of the FGFR3 gene in one child and c.445+2_445+5delTAGG mutations of the FGFR3 gene in the other child.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study identifies the unreported mutation sites of the FGFR3 gene, which extends the gene mutation spectrum of ACH. ACH is a progressive disease requiring lifelong management through multidisciplinary collaboration.

Exosomes Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Macrophage Polarization to Attenuate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Mice

Background and Objectives@#To investigate the effect and the underlying mechanism of exosomes secreted by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in murine lupus. @*Methods@#and Results: Exosomes were extracted from cultured hUCMSCs by ultracentrifugation. The expressions of exosome markers (Alix, CD63 and TSG101) were measured for identification of hUCMSC-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-exosomes). The alveolar hemorrhage of DAH mice was revealed by H&E staining. The primary alveolar macrophages were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of DAH mice. The expressions of M1 macrophage markers (iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β ) and M2 macrophage markers (Arg1, IL-10, TGF-β and chi3l3) were detected. Flow cytometry measured the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages. ELISA measured the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β ). DAH mice had hemorrhage and small-vessel vasculitis in the lung, with neutrophil and monocyte infiltration observed around the capillary and small artery. Furthermore, increases of IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreases of IL-10 and TGF-β were detected in the BALF of DAH mice. M1 makers were overexpressed in alveolar macrophages of DAH mice while M2 makers were lowly expressed. DAH mice had a higher proportion of M1 macrophages than M2 macrophages. After hUCMSC-exosome or methylprednisolone treatment in DAH mice, the alveolar injuries and inflammatory responses were attenuated, and the proportion of M2 macrophages was increased. @*Conclusions@#hUCMSC-exosomes attenuate DAH-induced inflammatory responses and alveolar hemorrhage by regulating macrophage polarization.

Research on the major problems and countermeasures in the development of clinical research teams in specialized hospitals / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveThe clinical research team is the key to improving clinical research ability. The purpose of this study is to identify the main problems with the development of clinical research teams in specialized hospitals， and to explore countermeasures. MethodsOn the basis of literature review and consultation with experts， a self-made questionnaire was distributed online to survey 300 relevant staff engaged in clinical research in 10 tertiary specialized hospitals in Shanghai. The severity of existing problems was analyzed from four aspects： clinical research personnel planning， recruitment and allocation； training and development； evaluation and performance management； career management. Then in-depth personal interviews were conducted with the main heads of clinical research departments in some hospitals. ResultsFour problems have relatively high severity scores， with 3.65±1.0， 3.43±1.0， 3.53±1.0， and 3.44±1.0 points， respectively. They are： “The development of the clinical research team is incomplete， and there is a lack of stable multidisciplinary and multi-level talent teams”， “A systematic and continuous clinical research training system has not been established”， “An objective and fair evaluation index system has not yet been established”， and “There are obstacles in the career development and promotion path of clinical research professionals”. ConclusionTo further enhance the clinical research capabilities of hospitals， we urgently need to establish multidisciplinary and multi-level clinical research teams， strengthen the training of clinical researchers on their clinical research capabilities， establish a scientific evaluation index system and incentive methods， and explore career development that meets the characteristics of clinical researchers.

Research on the major problems and countermeasures in the development of clinical research teams in specialized hospitals / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveThe clinical research team is the key to improving clinical research ability. The purpose of this study is to identify the main problems with the development of clinical research teams in specialized hospitals， and to explore countermeasures. MethodsOn the basis of literature review and consultation with experts， a self-made questionnaire was distributed online to survey 300 relevant staff engaged in clinical research in 10 tertiary specialized hospitals in Shanghai. The severity of existing problems was analyzed from four aspects： clinical research personnel planning， recruitment and allocation； training and development； evaluation and performance management； career management. Then in-depth personal interviews were conducted with the main heads of clinical research departments in some hospitals. ResultsFour problems have relatively high severity scores， with 3.65±1.0， 3.43±1.0， 3.53±1.0， and 3.44±1.0 points， respectively. They are： “The development of the clinical research team is incomplete， and there is a lack of stable multidisciplinary and multi-level talent teams”， “A systematic and continuous clinical research training system has not been established”， “An objective and fair evaluation index system has not yet been established”， and “There are obstacles in the career development and promotion path of clinical research professionals”. ConclusionTo further enhance the clinical research capabilities of hospitals， we urgently need to establish multidisciplinary and multi-level clinical research teams， strengthen the training of clinical researchers on their clinical research capabilities， establish a scientific evaluation index system and incentive methods， and explore career development that meets the characteristics of clinical researchers.

Investigation on Compatibility Characteristics and Mechanism of Baimai Ointment in Intervening "White Vein" by Integrating Bioinformatics Analysis and Prescription Rule Discovery / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism and compatibility characteristics of Baimai ointment （BMO） in the treatment of white vein disease from the network perspective based on system theory， so as to provide biological basis for its clinical application. Method:The chemical components and the corresponding candidate target spectra of BMO were obtained from The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine （ETCM） and Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCMIP）. According to the clinicopathological characteristics of white vein disease， focusing on four diseases/symptoms including neuropathic pain， inflammatory pain， chronic pain and lumbar disc herniation root neuralgia， the gene sets related to white vein disease were collected in Human Phenotype Ontology （HPO）， DisGeNET and other databases， then the interaction network of the targets of active components in BMO-gene sets related to white vein disease was constructed. On this basis， the hub network nodes were selected and enriched for exploring the mechanism of four functional groups of BMO in the treatment of white vein disease such as Huoxue Tongluo group （Curcumae Longae Rhizoma， Moschus， Tronae）， Xingqi Zhitong group （Myristicae Semen， Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma， Acori Calami Rhizoma）， Wenjing Sanhan Tongluo group （Zingiberis Rhizoma， Zanthoxyli Pericarpium， Caraway） and Jianpi Wenshen Qianggu group （Actinolite， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma）. Result:The enriched pathways of the four functional groups in BMO were mainly distributed in three modules of nervous system function， inflammation-immune system regulation and body energy metabolism， and each module was connected by common target genes especially had its own focus. Among them， the regulation of nervous system function in Huoxue Tongluo group and Xingqi Zhitong group could be summarized as Huoxue Buqi and Xingshen Kaiqiao. Xingqi Zhitong group and Jianpi Wenshen Qianggu group were mainly used to promote the operation of Qi， promote blood metaplasia， enhance immunity and maintain the regulation of inflammation-immune system. Jianpi Wenshen Qianggu group and Wenjing Sanhan Tongluo group mainly regulated body energy metabolism by invigorating the spleen and supplementing Qi as well as warm-heat medicine. The whole formula focused on the multi-dimensional and multi-level mechanism of BMO in the intervention of white vein disease. Each functional group emphasized its respective characteristics in nervous system function， inflammation-immune regulation， and body energy metabolism. Two types of networks analysis models complemented and verified each other. Conclusion:BMO plays a role in the treatment of white vein disease mainly by regulating the function of nervous system， maintaining the balance of inflammation-immune system and interfering with energy metabolism. The relevant research results can provide reference for the in-depth exploration of the mechanism of BMO， and help to guide the clinical rational use of this preparation.

Exosomes Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulate Macrophage Polarization to Attenuate Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Mice

Background and Objectives@#To investigate the effect and the underlying mechanism of exosomes secreted by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in murine lupus. @*Methods@#and Results: Exosomes were extracted from cultured hUCMSCs by ultracentrifugation. The expressions of exosome markers (Alix, CD63 and TSG101) were measured for identification of hUCMSC-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-exosomes). The alveolar hemorrhage of DAH mice was revealed by H&E staining. The primary alveolar macrophages were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of DAH mice. The expressions of M1 macrophage markers (iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β ) and M2 macrophage markers (Arg1, IL-10, TGF-β and chi3l3) were detected. Flow cytometry measured the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages. ELISA measured the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β ). DAH mice had hemorrhage and small-vessel vasculitis in the lung, with neutrophil and monocyte infiltration observed around the capillary and small artery. Furthermore, increases of IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreases of IL-10 and TGF-β were detected in the BALF of DAH mice. M1 makers were overexpressed in alveolar macrophages of DAH mice while M2 makers were lowly expressed. DAH mice had a higher proportion of M1 macrophages than M2 macrophages. After hUCMSC-exosome or methylprednisolone treatment in DAH mice, the alveolar injuries and inflammatory responses were attenuated, and the proportion of M2 macrophages was increased. @*Conclusions@#hUCMSC-exosomes attenuate DAH-induced inflammatory responses and alveolar hemorrhage by regulating macrophage polarization.

Analysis of plague monitoring results from 2018 to 2020 in Guizhou Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the monitoring results of plague foci in Guizhou Province, to master the epidemic dynamics of the plague and to formulate the prevention and control measures.Methods:The plague monitoring data from 2018 to 2020 in Guizhou Province were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System Plague Prevention and Control Information Management System to analyze the plague epidemic situation. The murine animals capture methods used were cage clip method, 5 m cage clip method and day-by-day rodent capture method. Bacterial culture and hemagglutination were used in laboratory.Results:A total of 2 273 murine animals were captured indoors with cage clip method, and the Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species, accounting for 47.29% (1 075/2 273), Rattus flavipectus and Mus musculus were common species, accounting for 43.55% (990/2 273) and 5.10% (116/2 273). A total of 1 460 murine animals were captured outdoors with 5 m cage clip method, and the Rattus rattus sladoni was the dominant species, accounting for 35.48% (518/1 460), Rattus flavipectus and Eothenomys miletus were common species, accounting for 16.03% (234/1 460) and 8.70% (127/1 460). A total of 5 742 murine animals (including 3 733 animals captured with cage clip method and 5 m cage clip method, 2 009 animals captured with day-by-day rodent capture method) were examined and 1 176 with flea, the flea infestation rate of murine animals was 20.48%, Xenopsylla cheopi was the dominant flea species [56.63% (3 020/5 333)] and the index was 0.53. Laboratory test results were all negative. Conclusions:The plague foci of Guizhou Province is at a quiescent stage, but the reignition cannot be ruled out. The monitoring of plague should be strengthened, the quality of the monitoring should be improved, and health education and publicity should be carried out to prevent the occurrence of human plague outbreaks.

Modified Trizol Method for Extracting RNA from Mouse Skin / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】Due to the tough nature of skin tissue and a high presence of RNases，the isolation of skin RNA by the classical Trizol method presents a challenge. Therefore，we adapted and tested different sample treatment protocols to improve the Trizol method for high- quality extraction of skin RNA.【Methods】In this study，normal skin of mice processed by different treatments（Tri：submersion Trizol；Pro：RNA sample protector；Cry：cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen frozen and then - 80 ℃ refrigerator；LNG：liquid nitrogen grinding；Cut：scissor cutting）were used as the experimental groups. Spinal cord tissue（Sp）was used as the reference group，and skin tissue of mouse psoriasis model induced by imiquimod（IMQ）was used as the validation group. We compared skin RNA concentration，purity and integrity， as well as IL- 1β mRNA expression extracted by conventional Trizol methods（1-Tri，Nor）and modified Trizol methods（2-Tri，LNG-Tri，Tri-Cut，Pro），which were determined by UV spectrophotometry，agar gel electrophoresis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR（qRT- PCR）.【Results】① Compared with spinal cord（Sp），the total RNA of normal skin tissue extracted with the same classical Trizol method（1-Tri）was with lower yields，more obvious DNA contamination and 5S RNA bands，and higher IL-1β mRNA relative expression，suggesting that skin tissue was relatively special and the classical Trizol methods of skin RNA extraction should be improved. ② Among the different treatment methods of skin tissue，2-Tri and LNG-Tri methods resulted in higher RNA concentrations，lower RNA degradation and lower DNA contamination，and the expression of IL-1β mRNA was closer to normal levels. More importantly，the skin RNA samples extracted by the 2-Tri method can reflect more realistically the variation of IL-1β mRNA expression between normal and psoriasiform groups.【Conclusion】Improved 2-Tri or LNG-Tri method has the advantage of high quality of total RNA，and 2-Tri can more reliably reflect the mRNA expression pattern under physiological and pathological conditions.

Priorities in the interdisciplinary approach for research on puberty in China / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#The topic of puberty is inherently interdisciplinary, given that it entails major biological, social, and macroenvironmental level influences and changes during the transition from childhood to adolescence. A short history of interdisciplinary work on puberty is first presented, followed by part of progress for interdisciplinary research that are important to puberty. We discuss four prioritized strategies for interdisciplinary research on puberty. Recommendation for tailoring current refined work toward integrating interdisciplinary knowledge into the systematic framework of puberty research is introduced, with cross-unit collaboration and innovations,as well as inspiration and mutual support are expected.

Discovery and Verification of Multi-component Chinese Medicine with Anti-tumor Activity from Shuanghuanglian / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The methods of network pharmacology were adopted to predict Multi-component Chinese Medicine （MCCM） with anti-tumor activity from Shuanghuanglian （SHL）. Furthermore， the pharmaceutical activity of CT26 colon cancer was verified in vitro and in vivo. Method:Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database （TCMSP）， the Handbook of Active Components Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine， the Drugbank database， the Reactome database， and the Human protein reference database （HPRD）， the protein-protein interactions network （PPI） and the drug target network were built and resolved. The data was mined to discover the pharmacological effect. The anti- tumor activity of components from SHL was determined based on the nearest distance rule between the compounds and the nodes of network. And then， the anti-tumor effect of the MCCM was verified in vitro and in vivo. Result:The 3 combined compounds， baicalin， forsythoside A and chlorogenic acid with the anti-tumor activity from SHL were predicted and discovered. The verification results showed that the combination of baicalin-forsythoside A-chlorogenic acid could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation and migration compared with the control group in vitro （P<0.01）. Among CT26 bearing mice， the tumor volume and weight were significantly decreased after the combined administration of baicalin-forsythoside A-chlorogenic acid compared with the model group in vivo （P<0.01）. Conclusion:By the methods of network pharmacology， the anti-tumor activities of component of from SHL were discovered. According to the verification in vitro and in vivo， the combination of baicalin-forsythoside A-chlorogenic acid could play better anti-CT26 tumor activity.

A predictive analysis of the association between clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with Becker muscular dystrophy/Duchenne muscular dystrophy / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association between clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)/Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) so as to provide a theoretical basis for disease management, gene therapy, and prenatal diagnosis.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data and gene detection results of 52 children with BMD/DMD. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to detect the DMD gene. The children with negative results of MLPA were further screened by exon chip capture combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS). The mothers of 20 probands were validated by sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The pathogenic genes for BMD/DMD were detected in 50 children by MLPA and NGS, with a detection rate of 96%. Among the 52 children, 36 (69%) had gene deletion, 7 (13%) had duplication, and 7 (13%) had micromutation. Among the 43 children with deletion/duplication, 32 had DMD and 11 had BMD; 37 children (86%) met the reading frame rule, among whom 27 (96%) had DMD and 10 (67%) had BMD. All 7 children with micromutation had DMD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The reading frame rule has an extremely high predictive value for DMD but a limited predictive value for BMD.

Association between early life adversity and life course health outcomes from an evolutionary developmental perspective / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Existing research has demonstrated that exposure to early life adversity is associated with elevated risk for multiple adverse health outcomes. Drawing on developmental plasticity theory, the current paper reframes adverse health outcomes resulting from early life adversity as strategic calibration of physiological systems to best adapt to, survive, and reproduce in response to demands of specific developmental contexts. We further discuss the role of epigenetic and other molecular processes in the biological embedding of early adversity. In particular, use of a consistent definition and identification of distinct dimensions, as well as exposure timing and duration of early life adversity that differentially influence development are required to uncover mechanisms that explain how early life adversity is associated with numerous health outcomes and identify moderators that shape divergent trajectories following early life adversities. Greater understanding of these pathways and identification of protective factors that buffer children from developmental disruptions following exposure to adversity is essential to guide the development of interventions to promote life course health following early life adversities.

Characteristic fingerprint and multi-components quantitative determination for Fuke Qianjin Capsules by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

To establish an HPLC characteristic fingerprint method of Fuke Qianjin Capsules,and determine the contents of its main components. The analysis was carried out on a Kromasil 100-5-C18 analytical column(4. 6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm) with gradient elution by acetonitrile(A)-0. 1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(B),a flow rate at 1. 0 m L·min-1 and the detection wavelength of 254 nm.The column temperature was 30 ℃,and the injection volume was 10 μL. The determination method of genistin,jatrorrhizine,andrographolide and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide index components were studied methodologically. The common mode of the characteristic fingerprint of Fuke Qianjin Capsules was set up with 8 common peaks,which were identified as genistin,jatrorrhizine,palmatine,berberine,andrographolide,14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide,Z-ligustilide,and Z-3-butylidenephthalide,respectively,in comparison with the references. The similarities of 20 batches of Fuke Qianjin Capsules samples were above 0. 95. All of the above-mentioned 4 analytes could be well separated under the optimized chromatographic conditions. RSD of precision and repeatability experiment were both less than 1. 5%,and the sample solution was stable during 72 h. All of the compounds had a good linearity and linear range. The contents of genistin,jatrorrhizine,andrographolide,and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide in 20 batches of Fuke Qianjin Capsules samples were 28. 66-56. 04,94. 77-197. 92,1 705. 33-4 148. 93 and 462. 16-1 225. 96 μg in each capsule,respectively. The developed HPLC characteristic fingerprint and quantitative analysis methods were reliable,accurate and sensitive,and could be used effectively evaluate the quality of Fuke Qianjin Capsules samples.